Nicolás Guillén recognizes that his surname—Guillén—is a linguistic relic of Castile, Spain, rather than a reflection of his true ancestral roots. The poem is an interrogation of this stolen identity. Core Themes of the Poem
To fully appreciate the English translation, one must understand the thematic layers that define the poem: The Erasure of African Ancestry
If you are looking for a published version of , note that several exist. The most respected are by Roberto Márquez (in The Great Zoo / El gran zoo ) and David Frye . Márquez tends to keep line breaks intact, while Frye prioritizes natural English syntax. The translation above is original to this article but follows the Márquez school of thought: respect the original’s breath and repetition.
Here’s a write-up for an English translation of “El apellido” by Nicolás Guillén:
This is the title of a famous poem by the Cuban poet (1902–1989), in which he explores his identity and the loss of his ancestral African name due to slavery and Spanish colonization. Feature: "El apellido" (The Surname) by Nicolás Guillén
Look at the line: "with a branding iron in hand / with an iron on the nape of their necks." Enslaved people were literally branded like cattle. Guillén argues that the branding iron replaced the surname. The slave owner’s last name (Guillén, López, Fernández) was the brand. The true African name was the one burned away.
The name traveled through several languages before settling into its Spanish form:
Below is the original Spanish text of "El apellido" by Nicolás Guillén, followed by an accurate line-by-line that preserves the rhythm, rage, and sorrow of the original.
Guillén was the leader of the "Poesia Negra" (Black Poetry) movement. He used his name to platform the struggles and rhythmic beauty of Afro-Cuban culture.
Always maintain the Spanish spelling when referring to the Cuban poet to ensure SEO accuracy and historical respect.
"Does my name not catch your attention?Does that surname tell you nothing,so soft, so much from the lineage of Castile?Is there nothing in it that speaks to you of the night,of the deep jungle, of the gunpowder canyon?" The Search for the Lost Identity
My name is Nicolás Guillén, perhaps.Or Pedro, or Jorge, or Francisco.Or Augustine, or Rene.It doesn't matter.All these names are yours,Given by you, inherited from you,To me, a stranger, arriving from afar.
“Lo perdí” appears four times. The English translator must choose: “I lost it” (neutral) vs. “I have lost it” (present perfect). Using the simple past (“I lost it”) mirrors the Spanish finality and matches the following similes.
The direct English equivalent of the surname Guillén is .